The science behind penalty shootouts: Analysis and probabilities

One of the most polemic aspects of the game, penalty kicks are dreaded by fans and derided by casuals, but just what does the science say?

Matildas' Women's World Cup quarterfinal penalties against France shot by shot - ABC News

The science behind penalty shootouts: Analysis and probabilities of penalty kicks - AS USA

The psychology of the penalty shootout: Mentally preparing to score, or save, a game-defining goal - ESPN

The Audacious, Inadvisable Gamble Behind Morocco's Winning Penalty - WSJ

World Cup final: How Argentina won penalty shootout

The science wars behind football's penalty shoot-outs, World Cup

The science of penalty shoot-outs: where and how spot kicks are scored at major tournaments

World Cup penalty kicks and the psychology behind the shootout - Sports Illustrated

During penalty shootouts, goalies fall prey to 'gambler's fallacy' - Los Angeles Times

World Cup penalty kicks and the psychology behind the shootout - Sports Illustrated

The Psychology of Perfect Penalties

A Psychologist Spent Five Years Studying World Cup Penalty Shootouts - WSJ

Soccer Penalty Shootouts: Complexity versus Fairness